Electromagnet.



Patented June 10, 1913.

F. W. MARTINI.

ELECTROMAGNBT.

APPLMATION FILED 0012.26, 1912.

"ify', 5,

Be .itknown thatl, FREDERICK Wf-MAR- TINI, a citizen .of the United States, residltionwi-ll'become readily. apparent to p e r ig at Chicago, inthe county of' Cook and .State of Illinois', have-invented certain new and luseful'Improveinents in Electr-einzig."

.My invention relates' to improvennents' in'- electrolnagn'ets.v I

One. of the salient objects of my inven ide an unusuallyfsensitive el'ectromagn'et having long, strong, ungr- 4forx'n pull, with a' relatively light'consuinpf tion-of electric current energy thereby ipro# vidin'g'a magnet of very high eiicieney.

Other andfurther objects 'oflrhy' inven# sons' skilled in' the art from n consideration.

of tlreifollowingA description when taken in.

' conjunction fw'lth' the dravving- .forming ai f Figure 1. isl e' .central-vertical section of 5 preferred form, when' Vthe electromagnetis .2

to bejused'for light'work, showing'the position'. 'of they parts when.' the 4magnet i's` en Fig. 2 is 'a similarview.- showing the magnetv denergized; Fig. 3 is a trans.-

'vcrse section 'taken onlines v3f-3 of Figl; Figs. wtand 5are modifications.

.' In -carryingmy vin. en'tion into' effect, 'I

.provide anfextensible 'par-t of lthe electroi, magnet core which, in efect is the armatureiand which is et allQtir'nes in contact with .the yfixed` ortion of -the -nia'gnet core.

I pies only.' 'part of the interior. ofthe coil, and

1 .thearmature, or .extensible part of the core,

'consists ofafmagnetioally susceptible plicatilen aterial capable of a Vrelatu'ely great degree of longitudinal expansion -when not -pt tentia-ted by`-tlie`eect of the current flowing -through the coil-and'of an equaljcontraction when vthe electromagnetfbecomes ener` gized. The movable, responsive portionof' i the core, consists of a relatively-long, mag'4 netically. continuous, responsive member plieated, or folded upon itself, sothat each -14g-,f r

- lamina of the'fold shall occupy ana'ngular.'A

-posed of- `a relativelylong sti-ip 'of' thin osition with respect to adjacent .folds'when energized, and when energized eachfold thereof shall' 'be drawn into contact with its neighboring fold .whereby a compact .sub- Sfanaa1--c0ntinuniqn off-.he exeasqn portion of` the 'core is effected.

In the `operation of the device, the 'fold orr e following 4is especificalamina which' is 'nearest. to andV contacts 4with the fixed portion'of 'the core :is at' '.t-ract'ed first, :indias shown'inFig. 1, its. en-

'tire Asuperficial -area'or extent, which con'- fronts thefa'ce of thesolid portion' ,of the core, -is'brou'ght into contact therewith; .this

Voperation. in eifect thereby e'itcnds the fixed' or solid portion of the core to, the extent ofthe'thickn'ess'of the contacting'lamin, and so on, when the next .lamina is brought-into Contact With-theifirst, the'sarne eii'et -is p ro'-A duced until when theentire extensible part of the core or .armature 'is coinpletely'drawn 57o.

within' the of the magnet, the solid `por' tion of the core'is in effect bythis means.'Y

substantialljy" extended' throng armature Prodtlqs a. Series ofpourer m17 pulses by the successive attraction of one -larnina for another-111 consecutivefonder-fum Atil the. en

. In theexeniplitication ivh-ich I liave illus-.

tinted, C is the spoolLof an-"electromagnet provided with .a winding T, suitable. for vthe iout 'the 'en- 'tireextentof the coil.- By this 1n`eans,'. t he tireplicatile armature,v or exten-g sible portion ofthe core has been completely- .purpose .for which the magnet isA intended,

and having a ,central opening for accom# -modation of .the cor'egand the. responsive part thereof, or armature. 8 isa rest of any' suitable form-for supevice is 1n an nnenergized condition.

9. 1s 4the n'xed, solld portion of the core .sorting the retracted armature as whenthe' A'of the electromagnet, 'shown in this case to extendonly aslght distance in to the inte- -rior thereof. [It is provided with grooves .at'each sidefas at 10.1 0, lfor inclusionA of l' the guidepieces 114-11'- which are neces'- .sarily made of a diamagnetic material such4 The guide pieces .11

as. brass-or the like. are intended `for sliding movement 1n the grooves provided in the solid portion of the 'core 9, betweenthe core and the inner wallsz of'thespool- 6, as at 12.

The extensible armature 13 may-be com-4 magnetically'. susceptible inductiv'e material,

."such as athin strip of iron or softsteel folded upon itself, 'as shown in the 'drawing 1n Figs. l1 and 2f-whereby it 'may'be ,compressed orcontracted, so that eaclrof the laminae 'w'ill lie substantially parallel planes with :its adj acent attiacted g laminaas in 'i Figfl, and when the entire;4 extensible por!l tion vis 4contractedfthejy will all be in par-- alle l planes.'y 1 Eacliof'the laminoe will "oc- @Pyr 'a Position, at' Slight angles from 'its neighbor,'as shownain- Fig.- 2, when the magnet; is denergized andthe armature .is e x.

j tended toiitsfullest extent. The armatureA Jmay, however, take the form shown in Fig:A

l where the' successiveconvolutions are e'x-tv tended im; spiraldi-rection, the' entire extent of the armature .being vertically perforated bya tapering-orifice ionthe accommoda-.4 'tion ofthev conical guide 11- Notche's, orf

'slots, equalv in thickness tothe slots `10, are..- cut into'. the sides off the'folded portions composing the armature ,1S-,to (Korrespond-A ti'ally as shown. in Fig.. 2, Wherein 'the `upper zojlainina .has a veiymuch Wider notch than the l'ov'verloii'e,4 andv the Width of the notches each succeed-ing laminaareproportional folding' the armature structureupon itself so' that .theends of'thesucceeding 'laminaa- 'awill iiotbelso rigid or 'unyieding Whenthe heavlerinork than the .forms shown in llfigsa .1', 2 andll.- When the' armature, made in ac-' ,materialasvhen it is' to' be vused or doingcordance' With' this modication, is' tobe' .employed Athe 'inner .end is.to be connected 4o. "i-instancesandthe entire magnetic pathjifs.'

preserved gtlirough4 th. succeeding members .ofthestructure and while 'the molecularstructure isfinteiiu The .operation 'of the device-'isi substati-4 assage of'a suitable electric Xed solid portion 91' 0f' the core becomeshighlfmagnetic and attracts to until the' angulaijly disposedlaminalies I v 4in -palillel planes with the face ofthe cord;

thereby. becoming'subs'tantially a.' part of' the! Hiredmagnetlc coreL' '5 .This lanlinathen exerts-1 an [equal linihience' jupon the neit i' f "into parallel positions, as shown Figl. 1.--1

The slots,- orv-perforat-ions of the extensible-- 'armatureare 'dimensloned suitable--f0r cooperationwith ',th'e 'I 'angularg sidesof-"thej I .guideA plates, as 'shown' i'nFig. 21 when the laminas arecons'ecutively attracted, by the `-core of said electro-magnet j 'lamina of said armaturehaving 'its free edge fixed 'solidportionof tliecore and the iii-.

ce'ments addedthe'reto-.thc nach in' t-il'r n, lift the' gu-i'desnllfllfor v111', -as the case- 'lniay be,. a 'slight vplis-tance 'and the-slight lifting producedby each spai'ate lmina,

as it in turni becomes energized, in a' manf 701 l "nelanll'eretofore described, "constitutes the `pull nde .up of the. impulses-that have 'been f" i.

imposed upon the guides 11%1'1 tlxesucf cessi\'ely. energized folds composing 'the felti 4tensibl parti of the device, nntiltlie entiejm -armature has been contracted; s ubstan-tiallyY is .substantially solid throughout' the' entire extent off the coil, .'lVhen the Inagnet lias become deene'rfgizedithe entire-movable ,and 80 Vj extensible system `will fall in to 4the 'position g j 'shownI 'in Fig. :2,v4 by the. elfe'ct offgravi ty,`

or by springer by lother means,{-a s Inay f itis evident-'that many changs I'na'yfbe made yfrom the specilic structure show-n and that 590 vmany other' i'nodifica'tios .Willfre'adly' sugf gest themselves and may be employedwith- -out departing from the (spirit 'and scope of claims-i.:

one edge always in 'Contact with .thefs'olid' tromag-net lia-ving a fixedco're and a' lplica'- tile .armature extendible therefrom,- the -rst always-in contact with-'said fixed enige, the" ,--tgrallylfrorn' lamina toda-mina to 'the other ree'odge of's'aid plicatile' armature.. .3; As :in article ofmannfacturean electe'ndible. plicatilearmature; the-first lamina' zpf which is always in 'Contact' menthe 50nd' .f

:for said' armature: adapted to `j1eceive :i 115'. thrust-to movethesame npon'each'succes-- sive movement of ythe laxninzeof said armature; beginning. with that lamina, whicnis always in contact-Withthe'solid"c0re.ofj`the 1 1 .electro-magnet; whereby'. said guide-is 'mov- '120 j "able 'by the cumulative eliects -of the indi:

'Vidual laminae.-

ai plurality [of alternate laminae disposed inangular? p lanes,' with reference to eachother s5' 'Wlhile I- hai-@ hereln described afsin'gle Aembodiment' of' Illy-invention With i'odifications' Ithat have readily-occurred to me,

2. As anxarticle of `Inarinfact ure an ele c..4 f.."

parallelplanes When energized, said armature when so energized and compressed substantiallylling that portion of the center of the electro-magnet not occupied by the solid core thereof, and when denergized extending beyond `the electro-magnet, the innermost lamina of said armature having its :tree edge always in contact with said solid core, for purposes described.

5. As an article of'inanufact-ure an electro-magnet having a solid core and an eX- tensible member comprising a plurality of laminas the innermost of which is always in contact with said solid core, successive lamin, from innermost to outermost, be coming 'when energized effective magnetically as a part of said solid core, a movable member of diamagnetic material adapted and arranged to receive thrusts from each of said laminae as it moves from inclined posit-ion to energized position in which it acts as a part of the solid core.

6. As an article of manufacture an elec- Vt'ro1nagnet having a solid core, in combina` tion with an extensible integral member having a plurality of laminze the innermost of which has one edge always in contact with the solid core, a movable tapering member of diamagnetic material, said'laminae having portions thereof cut away to receive Asaid tapering member, said cut-away portions of the successive laminae beingof progressively increasing' dimensions to correspond tothe a part of said solid core, the nextlamina,

in magnetic contact therewith, being forcibly drawn t-hereagainst, and all of said laminae being finally drawn together to form, with said solid core, theb core of said electromagnet.

In testimony-'whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

FREDERICK W. MARTINI. In the presence of-l MARY F. ALLEN, W. LINN ALLEN. 

